Metadata

Station or cluster: Contributing Station
Belongs to cluster: Koxkar
WMO ID (if any):
Shape: point
Latitude, longitude: 41.70, 80.17
Altitude and/or range (m): 2981
Landscape: Valley
Year established: 2003
Year-round? Yes
Operations contact: Haidong Han
Science contact: Donghui Shangguan
Data contact: Haidong Han

Terminus Station
Contributing Station Information

The Terminus Station at which the basecamp of the Koxkar site locates was built in 2003.The termunus of Koxkar glacier is about 800 meters in the west. In the station, a 10m meteorological tower was built on the meadow in 2007 to carry out multi-layer weather and soil observations. A hydrological station was set by the river to measure the meltwater runoff from the Koxkar glacier. Mass balance and supraglacial velocity of the glacier were measured in each month of the ablation period.

Measurement Methods Used

WMO Technical Regulations
UNESCO
GTN-G/WGMS

Data Information

Are the data quality controlled? yes
How are the data accessible? an existing data center, other
Data availability (may depend on the variable measured): delayed more than one year

Publications

Han Haidong, Ding Yongjian, Liu Shiyin, Wang Jian. 2015. Regimes of runoff components on the debris-covered Koxkar glacier in western China. Journal of Mountain Science, 12(2): 313-329.

Han Haidong. 2013. AIWA 1.0: A universal graphical user interface for distributed hydrological modeling. Computers & Geosciences, 59: 108-115.

Han Haidong, Liu Shiyin, Wang Jian, Wang Qiang, Xie Changwei. 2010. Glacial runoff characteristics of the Koxkar glacier, Tuomuer-Khan Tengri Mountain Ranges, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 61(4)?665-674.

Han Haidong, Wang Jian, Wei Junfeng, Liu Shiyin. 2010. Backwasting rate on debris-covered Koxkar Glacier, Mt. Tuomuer, China. Journal of Glaciology, 56(196)?287-296.

Han Haidong, Ding Yongjian, Liu Shiyin.2006. A simple model to estimate ice ablation under a thick debris layer. Journal of Glaciology, 52(179)?528-536.

Measurements

The measurements made at Terminus Station are listed in the following tables. (Note: If End Year is blank, measurements are ongoing.)

Cryosphere Measurements

Element	Variable	Start Year	End Year	Frequency
Snow	Snow on the ground (WMO code 0957)	2007		Sporadic
Snow	Depth	2007		Sporadic
Snow	Snow water equivalent	2007		Sporadic
Snow	Snowpack profile	2009		Sporadic
Snow	Snowfall depth	2007
Snow	Albedo	2007		Continuous
Glacier	Accumulation	2003		Sporadic
Glacier	Ablation	2003		Fragmented
Glacier	Annual mass balance	2007		Fragmented
Glacier	Area	2003		Sporadic
Glacier	Thickness	2005	2008	Sporadic
Glacier	Volume	2005	2008	Sporadic
Glacier	Glacial runoff	2003		Continuous
Glacier	Velocity	2009		Continuous

Atmosphere Measurements

Element	Variable	Start Year	Frequency
Met	Air temperature	2007	Continuous
Met	Humidity/vapour pressure	2007	Continuous
Met	Wind speed and direction	2007	Continuous
Met	Air pressure	2007	Continuous
Met	Snowfall	2007	Fragmented
Met	Total precipitation	2007	Continuous
Met	Rainfall	2007	Fragmented
Met	Sensible and latent heat	2007	Continuous
Radiation	Downwelling shortwave	2007	Continuous
Radiation	Upwelling shortwave	2007	Continuous
Radiation	Downwelling longwave		Continuous
Radiation	Upwelling longwave	2007	Continuous

Measurement Notes and Other Measurements

Category	Description or List
Hydrology	Meltwater runoff, since 2003, continuous.

Last updated: 31 May 2017