Obs Requirement – global-cryosphere-watch

The formulation of GCW observational requirements is an ongoing process. They will draw from various sets of existing user requirements and will be vetted by the scientific community. They will become part of the WMO Rolling Review of Requirements (RRR) and will be accessible through the Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool (OSCAR), which has a cryosphere theme. OSCAR is the official source for WMO requirements. The IGOS Cryosphere Theme Report (see Documents) contains the most comprehensive set of observational capabilities and requirements for the cryosphere. It is the starting point for GCW. The IGOS and OSCAR cryosphere requirements are given below. In addition to the observational requirements listed below, the Polar Space Task Group (PSTG) is compiling user requirements. They are available on the PSTG website.

Click the Filter Options button to filter the results. Each entry in the table gives the current measurement capability in green, the threshold requirement (minimum necessary) in blue, and the objective requirement (target) in orange, if available.

Variable ▲	Element ▲	Application Area ▲	Special Conditions ▲	Measurement Range, Low ▲	Measurement Range, High ▲	Uncertainty ▲	Spatial Res ▲	Temporal Res ▲	Timeliness ▲	Source ▲	Date Valid ▲	Comments ▲
Ice thickness	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 200 cm 100 cm	- 500 km 200 km	- 30 day 7 day	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice thickness	Sea ice	CLIC		- - 0 m	- - 10 m	200 cm 100 cm 0.5 m	500 km 200 km 0.5 km	30 day 7 day 0.5 year	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29	ICESat, op ice charts, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	CLIC		- 0 m 0 m	- 10 m 10 m	100 cm 0.5 m -	200 km 0.5 km -	7 day 0.5 year -	30 day - -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29	ICESat, op ice charts, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	0.5 m - 0.1 m	0.5 km - 25 km	0.5 year - 1 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	ICESat, op ice charts, mass balance buoys, AUV Sat, altimeter, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	- 0.1 m 10%	- 25 km 0.5 km	- 1 month 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Sat, altimeter, mass balance buoys, AUV ICESat, op ice charts, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	0.1 m 10% -	25 km 0.5 km -	1 month 1 week -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Sat, altimeter, mass balance buoys, AUV ICESat, op ice charts, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	10% - 10%	0.5 km - 0.5 km	1 week - 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	ICESat, op ice charts, mass balance buoys, AUV Sat, altimeter, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 m 0 m -	10 m 10 m -	- 10% -	- 0.5 km -	- 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Sat, altimeter, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 m - -	10 m - -	10% - 100 cm	0.5 km - 250 km	1 day - 30 day	- - 30 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Sat, altimeter, mass balance buoys, AUV
Ice thickness	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	- 100 cm 20 cm	- 250 km 15 km	- 30 day 1 day	- 30 day 24 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice thickness	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	100 cm 20 cm -	250 km 15 km -	30 day 1 day -	30 day 24 hour -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice thickness	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	20 cm - 100 cm	15 km - 40 km	1 day - 2 day	24 hour - 3 day	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice thickness	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- 100 cm 20 cm	- 40 km 2 km	- 2 day 12 hour	- 3 day 12 hour	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice thickness	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	100 cm 20 cm -	40 km 2 km -	2 day 12 hour -	3 day 12 hour -	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice thickness	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	20 cm - 1 cm	2 km - 500 km	12 hour - 7 day	12 hour - 24 day	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice thickness	Sea ice	Climate-OOPC		- - -	- - -	- 1 cm 0.1 cm	- 500 km 100 km	- 7 day 1 day	- 24 day 24 hour	OOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Ice thickness	Sea ice	Climate-OOPC		- - 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	- - 100 km day<sup>-1</sup>	1 cm 0.1 cm 5 km day<sup->1</sup>	500 km 100 km 25 km	7 day 1 day 1 day	24 day 24 hour -	OOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	AMSR<sup>2</sup>, SAR<sup>2</sup>, Buoys
Ice thickness	Sea ice	Climate-OOPC		- 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	- 100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup>	0.1 cm 5 km day<sup->1</sup> 3 km day<sup>-1</sup>	100 km 25 km 25 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	24 hour - -	OOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	AMSR<sup>2</sup>, SAR<sup>2</sup>, Buoys SAR
Ice motion	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup>	5 km day<sup->1</sup> 3 km day<sup>-1</sup> 1 km day<sup>-1</sup>	25 km 25 km 1 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR<sup>2</sup>, SAR<sup>2</sup>, Buoys SAR More frequent SAR, improved MIZ performance
Ice motion	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup>	3 km day<sup>-1</sup> 1 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup>	25 km 1 km 1 km	1 day 1 day 3 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR More frequent SAR, improved MIZ performance AMSR<sup>2</sup>, SAR<sup>2</sup>, Buoys
Ice motion	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup>	1 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 3 km day <sup>-1</sup>	1 km 1 km 25 km	1 day 3 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	More frequent SAR, improved MIZ performance AMSR<sup>2</sup>, SAR<sup>2</sup>, Buoys SAR
Ice motion	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup>	0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 3 km day <sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup>	1 km 25 km 0.1 km	3 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR<sup>2</sup>, SAR<sup>2</sup>, Buoys SAR More frequent SAR, improved MIZ performance
Ice motion	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	100 km day<sup>-1</sup> 100 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	3 km day <sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	25 km 0.1 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR More frequent SAR, improved MIZ performance -
Ice motion	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 km day<sup>-1</sup> - -	100 km day<sup>-1</sup> - -	0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> - 5 km day<sup>-1</sup>	0.1 km - 25 km	1 day - 1 day	- - 7 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	More frequent SAR, improved MIZ performance - Marine climatology
Ice motion	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 1 km day<sup>-1</sup>	- 25 km 1 km	- 1 day 1 day	- 7 day 3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	- Marine climatology Marine climatology
Ice motion	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 1 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	25 km 1 km -	1 day 1 day -	7 day 3 day -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology Marine climatology -
Ice motion	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	1 km day<sup>-1</sup> - 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup>	1 km - 1 km	1 day - 3 day	3 day - 3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology - Sea-ice services
Ice motion	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup>	- 1 km 0.1 km	- 3 day 1 day	- 3 day 24 hour	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	- Sea-ice services Sea-ice services
Ice motion	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - 0%	- - 100%	0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 10%	1 km 0.1 km 1 km	3 day 1 day 1 day	3 day 24 hour -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Sea-ice services Sea-ice services MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV
Ice motion	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- 0% 0%	- 100% 100%	0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> 10% 10%	0.1 km 1 km 1 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	24 hour - -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Sea-ice services MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV
Surface characteristics	Sea ice	IGOS	Albedo, melt pond concentration	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	10% 10% 1-5%	1 km 1 km 0.5 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV
Surface characteristics	Sea ice	IGOS	Albedo, melt pond concentration	0% 0% -	100% 100% -	10% 1-5% -	1 km 0.5 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV -
Surface characteristics	Sea ice	IGOS	Albedo, melt pond concentration	0% - -	100% - -	1-5% - 1%	0.5 km - 1 km	1 day - 1 day	- - 7 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, but not currently produced, AUV - Marine climatology
Surface characteristics	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 1% 10%	- 1 km 0.5 km	- 1 day 1 day	- 7 day 3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	- Marine climatology Marine climatology
Surface characteristics	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	1% 10% -	1 km 0.5 km -	1 day 1 day -	7 day 3 day -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology Marine climatology -
Surface characteristics	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	10% - 0.05 cm	0.5 km - 15 km	1 day - 1 day	3 day - 7 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology - Marine climatology
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 0.05 cm 0.005 cm	- 15 km 5 km	- 1 day 1 day	- 7 day 3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	- Marine climatology Marine climatology
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	0.05 cm 0.005 cm -	15 km 5 km -	1 day 1 day -	7 day 3 day -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology Marine climatology -
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	0.005 cm - 2 cm	5 km - 15 km	1 day - 1 day	3 day - 1 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology - Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	- 2 cm 0.1 cm	- 15 km 5 km	- 1 day 10 minutes	- 1 day 10 minute	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	- Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	Nowcasting		- - 0 cm	- - 100 cm	2 cm 0.1 cm 10-20 cm	15 km 5 km 15 km	1 day 10 minutes 1 day	1 day 10 minute -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. AMSR
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	Nowcasting		- 0 cm 0 cm	- 100 cm 100 cm	0.1 cm 10-20 cm 5 cm	5 km 15 km 10 km	10 minutes 1 day 1 day	10 minute - -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. AMSR CIMS
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 cm 0 cm 0 cm	100 cm 100 cm 100 cm	10-20 cm 5 cm 2 cm	15 km 10 km 5 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR CIMS CIMS
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 cm 0 cm -	100 cm 100 cm -	5 cm 2 cm -	10 km 5 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS CIMS
Snow depth on ice	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 cm - -	100 cm - -	2 cm - 5%	5 km - 50 km	1 day - 3 day	- - 7 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIVAR		- - -	- - -	- 5% 2%	- 50 km 15 km	- 3 day 24 hour	- 7 day 3 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIVAR		- - -	- - -	5% 2% -	50 km 15 km -	3 day 24 hour -	7 day 3 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIVAR		- - -	- - -	2% - 50%	15 km - 250 km	24 hour - 15 day	3 day - 90 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate Modelling Research		- - -	- - -	- 50% 5%	- 250 km 15 km	- 15 day 1 day	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate Modelling Research		- - -	- - -	50% 5% -	250 km 15 km -	15 day 1 day -	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate Modelling Research		- - -	- - -	5% - 20%	15 km - 100 km	1 day - 5 day	30 day - 5 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	- 20% 5%	- 100 km 5 km	- 5 day 3 hour	- 5 day 3 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice cover	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	20% 5% -	100 km 5 km -	5 day 3 hour -	5 day 3 hour -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice cover	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	5 km - 100 km	3 hour - 6 day	3 hour - 24 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate-GOOS		- - -	- - -	- 10% 2%	- 100 km 10 km	- 6 day 1 day	- 24 hour 2 hour	GOOS JPO (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate-GOOS		- - -	- - -	10% 2% -	100 km 10 km -	6 day 1 day -	24 hour 2 hour -	GOOS JPO (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate-GOOS		- - -	- - -	2% - 20%	10 km - 40 km	1 day - 12 hour	2 hour - 6 hour	GOOS JPO (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice cover	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- 20% 5%	- 40 km 5 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 6 hour 1 hour	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	20% 5% -	40 km 5 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	6 hour 1 hour -	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	5% - 20%	5 km - 50 km	1 hour - 12 day	1 hour - 4 day	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	- 20% 10%	- 50 km 1 km	- 12 day 1 day	- 4 day 1 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice cover	Sea ice	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	20% 10% -	50 km 1 km -	12 day 1 day -	4 day 1 day -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice cover	Sea ice	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	10% - 20%	1 km - 50 km	1 day - 24 day	1 day - 7 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice cover	Sea ice	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	- 20% 10%	- 50 km 5 km	- 24 day 1 day	- 7 day 1 day	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03
Ice cover	Sea ice	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	20% 10% -	50 km 5 km -	24 day 1 day -	7 day 1 day -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	-
Ice cover	Sea ice	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	10% - 15%	5 km - 0.1 km	1 day - 3 day	1 day - 3 day	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	- Sea-ice services
Ice cover	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 15% 5%	- 0.1 km 0.1 km	- 3 day 1 day	- 3 day 1 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	- Sea-ice services Sea-ice services
Ice cover	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	15% 5% -	0.1 km 0.1 km -	3 day 1 day -	3 day 1 day -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Sea-ice services Sea-ice services
Ice cover	Sea ice	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	0.1 km - 100 km	1 day - 7 day	1 day - 24 hour	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Sea-ice services
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate-OOPC		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	- 100 km 12 km	- 7 day 1 day	- 24 hour 3 hour	OOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate-OOPC		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	100 km 12 km -	7 day 1 day -	24 hour 3 hour -	OOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Ice cover	Sea ice	Climate-OOPC		- - -	- - -	5% - 20%	12 km - 10 km	1 day - 4 year	3 hour - 90 day	OOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 20% 10%	- 10 km 1 km	- 4 year 1 year	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	20% 10% -	10 km 1 km -	4 year 1 year -	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	10% - 10%	1 km - 100 km	1 year - 7 day	30 day - 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	- 100 km 25 km	- 7 day 24 hour	- 30 day 7 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	100 km 25 km -	7 day 24 hour -	30 day 7 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice cover	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	5% - 2 K	25 km - 500 km	24 hour - 24 hour	7 day - 2 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 2 K 1 K	- 500 km 100 km	- 24 hour 12 hour	- 2 day 1 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	2 K 1 K -	500 km 100 km -	24 hour 12 hour -	2 day 1 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	1 K - 4 K	100 km - 250 km	12 hour - 12 hour	1 day - 6 hour	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	- 4 K 0.5 K	- 250 km 5 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 6 hour 6 minute	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	4 K 0.5 K -	250 km 5 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	6 hour 6 minute -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	0.5 K - 4 K	5 km - 40 km	1 hour - 12 hour	6 minute - 12 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- 4 K 0.5 K	- 40 km 5 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 12 hour 1 hour	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- - 190 K	- - 290 K	4 K 0.5 K 2-3 K	40 km 5 km 1 km	12 hour 1 hour 100 min	12 hour 1 hour -	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2011-07-29
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	High Res NWP		- 190 K 200 K	- 290 K 275 K	0.5 K 2-3 K 1 K	5 km 1 km 1 km	1 hour 100 min 60 min	1 hour - -	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2011-07-29	Hydromet
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	IGOS		190 K 200 K 200 K	290 K 275 K 275 K	2-3 K 1 K 0.1 K	1 km 1 km 0.1 km	100 min 60 min 30 min	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	IGOS		200 K 200 K NA, km	275 K 275 K NA, km	1 K 0.1 K 15 km	1 km 0.1 km 15 km	60 min 30 min 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV
Ice surface temperature	Sea ice	IGOS		200 K NA, km NA, km	275 K NA, km NA, km	0.1 K 15 km 10 km	0.1 km 15 km 10 km	30 min 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV CIMS
Extent/Edge	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	NA, km NA, km NA, km	NA, km NA, km NA, km	15 km 10 km 5 km	15 km 10 km 1-5 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV CIMS CIMS, SAR, AUV
Extent/Edge	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	NA, km NA, km NA, km	NA, km NA, km NA, km	10 km 5 km 0.1 km	10 km 1-5 km 0.1 km	1 day 1 day 3 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV
Extent/Edge	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	NA, km NA, km NA, km	NA, km NA, km NA, km	5 km 0.1 km 10 km	1-5 km 0.1 km 10 km	1 day 3 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV CIMS
Extent/Edge	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	NA, km NA, km NA, km	NA, km NA, km NA, km	0.1 km 10 km 0.1 km	0.1 km 10 km 0.1 km	3 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV CIMS CIMS, SAR, AUV
Extent/Edge	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	NA, km NA, km 15%	NA, km NA, km 100%	10 km 0.1 km 5-20%	10 km 0.1 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV
Extent/Edge	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	NA, km 15% 0%	NA, km 100% 100%	0.1 km 5-20% <10 %	0.1 km 15 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV
Ice concentration	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	15% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	5-20% <10 % <5 %	15 km 15 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV CIMS, SAR, AUV
Ice concentration	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	<10 % <5 % 5-20 %	15 km 10 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV
Ice concentration	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	<5 % 5-20 % <10 %	10 km 15 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV
Ice concentration	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	5-20 % <10 % <5 %	15 km 15 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, VIR, SAR, AUV CIMS, SAR, AUV
Ice concentration	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	<10 % <5 % 5-20%	15 km 10 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, SAR, AUV
Ice concentration	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0% 0% -	100% 100% -	<5 % 5-20% -	10 km 15 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	CIMS, SAR, AUV AMSR, SAR, AUV
Leads/polynyas	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% - 0%	100% - 100%	5-20% - 5%	15 km - 10 km	1 day - 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, SAR, AUV MODIS, PM, AUV
Leads/polynyas	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	- 0% 0 km<sup>2</sup>	- 100% indet. km<sup>2</sup>	- 5% 0.1 km<sup>2</sup>	- 10 km 0.5 km	- 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, PM, AUV AMSR, SAR, AUV
Leads/polynyas	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% 0 km<sup>2</sup> -	100% indet. km<sup>2</sup> -	5% 0.1 km<sup>2</sup> -	10 km 0.5 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, PM, AUV AMSR, SAR, AUV
Leads/polynyas	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 km<sup>2</sup> - 0 km<sup>2</sup>	indet. km<sup>2</sup> - indet. km<sup>2</sup>	0.1 km<sup>2</sup> - 0.1 km<sup>2</sup>	0.5 km - 0.1 km	1 day - 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, SAR, AUV MODIS, PM, AUV
Leads/polynyas	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	- 0 km<sup>2</sup> 0%	- indet. km<sup>2</sup> 100%	- 0.1 km<sup>2</sup> 5-20%	- 0.1 km 15 km	- 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, PM, AUV SSMI, VIR, Scat, SAR
Leads/polynyas	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 km<sup>2</sup> 0% 0%	indet. km<sup>2</sup> 100% 100%	0.1 km<sup>2</sup> 5-20% <10 %	0.1 km 15 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS, PM, AUV SSMI, VIR, Scat, SAR SAR
Ice Age	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	5-20% <10 % <5 %	15 km 15 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SSMI, VIR, Scat, SAR SAR SAR
Ice Age	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	<10 % <5 % 5-20%	15 km 10 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SSMI, VIR, Scat, SAR
Ice Age	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	<5 % 5-20% <10 %	10 km 15 km 15 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SSMI, VIR, Scat, SAR SAR
Ice Age	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	5-20% <10 % <5 %	15 km 15 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SSMI, VIR, Scat, SAR SAR SAR
Ice Age	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0% 0% 0 m	100% 100% 10 m	<10 % <5 % -	15 km 10 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Ice Age	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0% 0 m 0 m	100% 10 m 10 m	<5 % - 2 m	10 km - -	1 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Ridge height	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	- 2 m 1 m	- - -	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Ridge height	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 m 0 m -	10 m 10 m -	2 m 1 m -	- - -	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Ridge height	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 m - 0 m	10 m - 10 m	1 m - 2 m	- - -	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Ridge height	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	- 0 m -	- 10 m -	- 2 m -	- - -	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Ridge height	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	0 m - 1 day	10 m - 365 day	2 m - 4 day	- - 15 km	- - 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR AMSR, Scat
Ridge height	Sea ice	IGOS	Operational	- 1 day 1 day	- 365 day 365 day	- 4 day 2 day	- 15 km 15 km	- 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR AMSR, Scat
Melt onset, Duration of melt	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	1 day 1 day 1 day	365 day 365 day 365 day	4 day 2 day 1 day	15 km 15 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR, Scat
Melt onset, Duration of melt	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	1 day 1 day -	365 day 365 day -	2 day 1 day -	15 km 10 km -	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Derived from motion, thickness, concentration
Melt onset, Duration of melt	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	1 day - -	365 day - -	1 day - -	10 km - -	1 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Derived from motion, thickness, concentration Derived from motion, thickness, concentration
Volume/Mass flux	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	- - 0 km<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>	- - indet.	- - 1 km<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>	- - 25 km	- - 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Derived from motion, thickness, concentration Derived from motion, thickness, concentration Derived from motion, thickness, concentration
Volume/Mass flux	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	- 0 km<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> -	- indet. -	- 1 km<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> -	- 25 km -	- 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Derived from motion, thickness, concentration Derived from motion, thickness, concentration
Volume/Mass flux	Sea ice	IGOS	Climate	0 km<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> - -	indet. - -	1 km<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> - 2 cm	25 km - 50 km	1 day - 12 day	- - 4 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Derived from motion, thickness, concentration
Ice elevation	Sea ice	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	- 2 cm 1 cm	- 50 km 1 km	- 12 day 1 day	- 4 day 1 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice elevation	Sea ice	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	2 cm 1 cm -	50 km 1 km -	12 day 1 day -	4 day 1 day -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice elevation	Sea ice	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	1 cm - 1 cm	1 km - 10 km	1 day - 4 year	1 day - 90 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Ice elevation	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 1 cm 3 cm	- 10 km 1 km	- 4 year 1 year	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice elevation	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	1 cm 3 cm -	10 km 1 km -	4 year 1 year -	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice elevation	Sea ice	CLIC		- - -	- - -	3 cm - 0.5 Classes<sup>-1</sup>	1 km - 100 km	1 year - 5 day	30 day - 5 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice type	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	- 0.5 Classes<sup>-1</sup> 0.25 Classes<sup>-1</sup>	- 100 km 10 km	- 5 day 3 hour	- 5 day 3 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Ice type	Sea ice	Global NWP		- - 0 m	- - 0.2 m	0.5 Classes<sup>-1</sup> 0.25 Classes<sup>-1</sup> 2-10 cm	100 km 10 km 25 km	5 day 3 hour -	5 day 3 hour -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10	e.g. AMSR-E
Ice type	Sea ice	Global NWP		- 0 m 0 m	- 0.2 m 0.3 m	0.25 Classes<sup>-1</sup> 2-10 cm 3 cm	10 km 25 km 0.5 km	3 hour - 1 day	3 hour - -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10	e.g. AMSR-E Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, shallow	0 m 0 m 0 m	0.2 m 0.3 m 0.3 m	2-10 cm 3 cm 2 cm	25 km 0.5 km 0.1 km	- 1 day 12 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	e.g. AMSR-E Hydromet Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, shallow	0 m 0 m -	0.3 m 0.3 m -	3 cm 2 cm -	0.5 km 0.1 km -	1 day 12 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet Need HF SAR
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, shallow	0 m - 0.3 m	0.3 m - 3 m	2 cm - 10%	0.1 km - 0.5 km	12 hour - 6 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Need HF SAR Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, deep	- 0.3 m 0.3 m	- 3 m 3 m	- 10% 7%	- 0.5 km 0.1 km	- 6 day 12 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Need HF SAR Hydromet Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, deep	0.3 m 0.3 m 0 m	3 m 3 m 3 m	10% 7% 1 cm	0.5 km 0.1 km 1 m	6 day 12 hour 30 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, deep	0.3 m 0 m 0 m	3 m 3 m 3 m	7% 1 cm 1 cm	0.1 km 1 m 1 m	12 hour 30 day 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	In situ, shallow	0 m 0 m 0 m	3 m 3 m 3 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	1 m 1 m 1 m	30 day 7 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	In situ, shallow	0 m 0 m -	3 m 3 m -	1 cm 1 cm -	1 m 1 m -	7 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	IGOS	In situ, shallow	0 m - -	3 m - -	1 cm - 10 mm	1 m - 500 km	1 day - 7 day	- - 24 hour	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Climate-AOPC		- - -	- - -	- 10 mm 5 mm	- 500 km 100 km	- 7 day 1 day	- 24 hour 6 hour	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Climate-AOPC		- - -	- - -	10 mm 5 mm -	500 km 100 km -	7 day 1 day -	24 hour 6 hour -	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Climate-AOPC		- - -	- - -	5 mm - 20 mm	100 km - 25 km	1 day - 5 day	6 hour - 30 day	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Snow water equivalent	Snow	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 20 mm 5 mm	- 25 km 10 km	- 5 day 1 day	- 30 day 7 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow water equivalent	Snow	CLIC		- - -	- - -	20 mm 5 mm -	25 km 10 km -	5 day 1 day -	30 day 7 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow water equivalent	Snow	CLIC		- - -	- - -	5 mm - 20 mm	10 km - 250 km	1 day - 7 day	7 day - 90 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow water equivalent	Snow	GEWEX		- - -	- - -	- 20 mm 5 mm	- 250 km 15 km	- 7 day 12 hour	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow water equivalent	Snow	GEWEX		- - -	- - -	20 mm 5 mm -	250 km 15 km -	7 day 12 hour -	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow water equivalent	Snow	GEWEX		- - -	- - -	5 mm - 20 mm	15 km - 100 km	12 hour - 5 day	30 day - 5 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	- 20 mm 2 mm	- 100 km 5 km	- 5 day 3 hour	- 5 day 3 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	20 mm 2 mm -	100 km 5 km -	5 day 3 hour -	5 day 3 hour -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	2 mm - 20 mm	5 km - 20 km	3 hour - 6 hour	3 hour - 24 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Snow water equivalent	Snow	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- 20 mm 5 mm	- 20 km 0.5 km	- 6 hour 1 hour	- 24 hour 1 hour	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Snow water equivalent	Snow	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	20 mm 5 mm -	20 km 0.5 km -	6 hour 1 hour -	24 hour 1 hour -	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Snow water equivalent	Snow	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	5 mm - 20 mm	0.5 km - 10 km	1 hour - 7 day	1 hour - 6 day	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	- 20 mm 5 mm	- 10 km 0.1 km	- 7 day 1 day	- 6 day 1 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Hydrology		- - 0 m	- - ~0.7 m	20 mm 5 mm 6-35 cm	10 km 0.1 km 25 km	7 day 1 day 1 day	6 day 1 day -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20	e.g. AMSR-E
Snow water equivalent	Snow	Hydrology		- 0 m 0 m	- ~0.7 m 1 m	5 mm 6-35 cm 10 cm	0.1 km 25 km 0.5 km	1 day 1 day 6 day	1 day - -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20	e.g. AMSR-E Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, shallow	0 m 0 m 0 m	~0.7 m 1 m 1 m	6-35 cm 10 cm 6 cm	25 km 0.5 km 0.1 km	1 day 6 day 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	e.g. AMSR-E Hydromet Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, shallow	0 m 0 m -	1 m 1 m -	10 cm 6 cm -	0.5 km 0.1 km -	6 day 1 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet Need HF SAR
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, shallow	0 m - 1 m	1 m - 10 m	6 cm - 10%	0.1 km - 0.5 km	1 hour - 6 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Need HF SAR Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, deep	- 1 m 1 m	- 10 m 10 m	- 10% 6%	- 0.5 km 0.1 km	- 6 day 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Need HF SAR Hydromet Transportation
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, deep	1 m 1 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	10% 6% 1 cm	0.5 km 0.1 km 1 m	6 day 1 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Transportation Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	Satellite, deep	1 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	6% 1 cm 1 cm	0.1 km 1 m 1 m	1 hour 1 day 6 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Transportation Hydromet Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	In situ	0 m 0 m 0 m	10 m 10 m 10 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	1 m 1 m 1 m	1 day 6 hour 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	In situ	0 m 0 m -	10 m 10 m -	1 cm 1 cm -	1 m 1 m -	6 hour 1 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Snow depth	Snow	IGOS	In situ	0 m - -	10 m - -	1 cm - 0.05 cm	1 m - 15 km	1 hour - 24 hour	- - 7 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Marine climatology
Snow depth	Snow	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 0.05 cm 0.005 cm	- 15 km 5 km	- 24 hour 24 hour	- 7 day 3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology Marine climatology
Snow depth	Snow	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	0.05 cm 0.005 cm -	15 km 5 km -	24 hour 24 hour -	7 day 3 day -	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology Marine climatology -
Snow depth	Snow	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	0.005 cm - 2 cm	5 km - 15 km	24 hour - 24 hour	3 day - 24 hour	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology - Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Snow depth	Snow	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	- 2 cm 0.1 cm	- 15 km 5 km	- 24 hour 10 minute	- 24 hour 10 minute	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	- Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Snow depth	Snow	Nowcasting		- - 20%	- - 100%	2 cm 0.1 cm 15-20 %	15 km 5 km 1 km	24 hour 10 minute -	24 hour 10 minute -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. e.g. MODIS
Snow depth	Snow	Nowcasting		- 20% 0%	- 100% 100%	0.1 cm 15-20 % 10%	5 km 1 km 0.5 km	10 minute - 1 day	10 minute - -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. e.g. MODIS Hydromet
Snow cover	Snow	IGOS		20% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	15-20 % 10% 5%	1 km 0.5 km 0.1 km	- 1 day 12 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	e.g. MODIS Hydromet Hydromet
Snow cover	Snow	IGOS		0% 0% -	100% 100% -	10% 5% -	0.5 km 0.1 km -	1 day 12 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet -
Snow cover	Snow	IGOS		0% - -	100% - -	5% - 20%	0.1 km - 500 km	12 hour - 7 day	- - 24 hour	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet - For model assimilation. Decadal changes may be of order 5% (N. Nicholls et al. 1996 Observed Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 2 of Climate Change 1995 (IPCC Second Assessment.)
Snow cover	Snow	Climate-AOPC		- - -	- - -	- 20% 10%	- 500 km 100 km	- 7 day 24 hour	- 24 hour 6 hour	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- For model assimilation. Decadal changes may be of order 5% (N. Nicholls et al. 1996 Observed Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 2 of Climate Change 1995 (IPCC Second Assessment.) For model assimilation. Decadal changes may be of order 5% (N. Nicholls et al. 1996 Observed Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 2 of Climate Change 1995 (IPCC Second Assessment.)
Snow cover	Snow	Climate-AOPC		- - -	- - -	20% 10% -	500 km 100 km -	7 day 24 hour -	24 hour 6 hour -	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	For model assimilation. Decadal changes may be of order 5% (N. Nicholls et al. 1996 Observed Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 2 of Climate Change 1995 (IPCC Second Assessment.) For model assimilation. Decadal changes may be of order 5% (N. Nicholls et al. 1996 Observed Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 2 of Climate Change 1995 (IPCC Second Assessment.)
Snow cover	Snow	Climate-AOPC		- - -	- - -	10% - 20%	100 km - 25 km	24 hour - 5 day	6 hour - 30 day	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	For model assimilation. Decadal changes may be of order 5% (N. Nicholls et al. 1996 Observed Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 2 of Climate Change 1995 (IPCC Second Assessment.)
Snow cover	Snow	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 20% 10%	- 25 km 1 km	- 5 day 24 hour	- 30 day 7 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow cover	Snow	CLIC		- - -	- - -	20% 10% -	25 km 1 km -	5 day 24 hour -	30 day 7 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow cover	Snow	CLIC		- - -	- - -	10% - 50%	1 km - 250 km	24 hour - 7 day	7 day - 90 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow cover	Snow	GEWEX		- - -	- - -	- 50% 10%	- 250 km 15 km	- 7 day 24 hour	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow cover	Snow	GEWEX		- - -	- - -	50% 10% -	250 km 15 km -	7 day 24 hour -	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow cover	Snow	GEWEX		- - -	- - -	10% - 50%	15 km - 100 km	24 hour - 5 day	30 day - 5 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Snow cover	Snow	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	- 50% 10%	- 100 km 5 km	- 5 day 3 hour	- 5 day 3 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Snow cover	Snow	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	50% 10% -	100 km 5 km -	5 day 3 hour -	5 day 3 hour -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Snow cover	Snow	Global NWP		- - -	- - -	10% - 20%	5 km - 20 km	3 hour - 12 hour	3 hour - 12 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Snow cover	Snow	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- 20% 5%	- 20 km 1 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 12 hour 1 hour	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Snow cover	Snow	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	20% 5% -	20 km 1 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	12 hour 1 hour -	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Snow cover	Snow	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	5% - 20%	1 km - 100 km	1 hour - 7 day	1 hour - 6 day	JF Mahfouf (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Snow cover	Snow	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	- 20% 5%	- 100 km 0.1 km	- 7 day 1 day	- 6 day 1 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Snow cover	Snow	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	20% 5% -	100 km 0.1 km -	7 day 1 day -	6 day 1 day -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Snow cover	Snow	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	5% - 20%	0.1 km - 50 km	1 day - 24 hour	1 day - 6 hour	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Snow cover	Snow	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	- 20% 10%	- 50 km 5 km	- 24 hour 1 hour	- 6 hour 1 hour	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03
Snow cover	Snow	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	20% 10% -	50 km 5 km -	24 hour 1 hour -	6 hour 1 hour -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	-
Snow cover	Snow	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	10% - 10%	5 km - 10 km	1 hour - 30 day	1 hour - 15 day	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	- For impact and hydrological cycle studies. Snow cover area
Snow cover	Snow	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	- 10 km 0.1 km	- 30 day 1 day	- 15 day 30 hour	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- For impact and hydrological cycle studies. Snow cover area For impact and hydrological cycle studies. Snow cover area
Snow cover	Snow	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	10 km 0.1 km -	30 day 1 day -	15 day 30 hour -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	For impact and hydrological cycle studies. Snow cover area For impact and hydrological cycle studies. Snow cover area
Snow cover	Snow	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	5% - 2 HR, FAR	0.1 km - 10 km	1 day - 12 day	30 hour - 6 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	For impact and hydrological cycle studies. Snow cover area
Snow status (wet/dry)	Snow	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	- 2 HR, FAR 5 HR, FAR	- 10 km 0.1 km	- 12 day 30 min	- 6 day 60 min	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Snow status (wet/dry)	Snow	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	2 HR, FAR 5 HR, FAR -	10 km 0.1 km 100 m - 1 km	12 day 30 min 1 week	6 day 60 min -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20	Radarsat, AVHRR, OLS
Snow status (wet/dry)	Snow	Hydrology		- - 0%	- - 100%	5 HR, FAR - 10%	0.1 km 100 m - 1 km 100 m	30 min 1 week 1 day	60 min - -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20	Radarsat, AVHRR, OLS AMSR-E, SAR, optical
Ice concentration	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- 0% 0%	- 100% 100%	- 10% 5%	100 m - 1 km 100 m 30 m	1 week 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radarsat, AVHRR, OLS AMSR-E, SAR, optical SAR, optical
Ice concentration	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0% 0% -	100% 100% -	10% 5% -	100 m 30 m 250-500 m	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR-E, SAR, optical SAR, optical MODIS
Ice concentration	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0% - -	100% - -	5% - 10%	30 m 250-500 m 100 m	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical MODIS SAR, optical
Ice areal extent	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	250-500 m 100 m 30 m	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS SAR, optical SAR, optical
Ice areal extent	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	10% 5% 1 day	100 m 30 m point	1 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical SAR, optical In situ obs.
Ice areal extent	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	5% 1 day 2 day	30 m point 100 m	1 day - 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical In situ obs. SAR, optical
Freeze-up and break-up date	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	1 day 2 day 1 day	point 100 m 30 m	- 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs. SAR, optical SAR, optical
Freeze-up and break-up date	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - 0 m	- - 5 m	2 day 1 day 2 cm	100 m 30 m point	1 year 1 year 1-2 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical SAR, optical In situ obs.
Freeze-up and break-up date	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- 0 m 0 m	- 5 m 3 m	1 day 2 cm 5 cm	30 m point 100 m	1 year 1-2 week 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical In situ obs. SAR, passive microwave
Freshwater ice thickness	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 m	5 m 3 m 5 m	2 cm 5 cm 2 cm	point 100 m 10 m	1-2 week 1 week 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs. SAR, passive microwave SAR, passive microwave
Freshwater ice thickness	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 m	3 m 5 m 1 m	5 cm 2 cm 2 cm	100 m 10 m point	1 week 1 day 1-2 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, passive microwave SAR, passive microwave In situ obs.
Freshwater ice thickness	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 m	5 m 1 m 0.8 m	2 cm 2 cm 5 cm	10 m point 100 m	1 day 1-2 week 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, passive microwave In situ obs. SAR, passive microwave
Snow depth on ice	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 m	1 m 0.8 m 1 m	2 cm 5 cm 2 cm	point 100 m 10 m	1-2 week 1 week 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs. SAR, passive microwave SAR, passive microwave
Snow depth on ice	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0 m 0 m -	0.8 m 1 m -	5 cm 2 cm -	100 m 10 m 10 m	1 week 1 day 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, passive microwave SAR, passive microwave SAR
Snow depth on ice	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		0 m - -	1 m - -	2 cm - 10%	10 m 10 m 5 m	1 day 1 week 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, passive microwave SAR SAR
Areal extent of floating/grounded ice	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	10 m 5 m 3 m	1 week 1 week 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR SAR
Areal extent of floating/grounded ice	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	5 m 3 m 0.5 m	1 week 1 week 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR SAR Aerial Survey
Areal extent of floating/grounded ice	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	3 m 0.5 m 10 m	1 week 1 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR Aerial Survey SAR, optical
River ice jams and dams	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	0.5 m 10 m 3 m	1 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Aerial Survey SAR, optical SAR, optical
River ice jams and dams	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	10 m 3 m 10 m	1 day 1 day 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical SAR, optical Radarsat
River ice jams and dams	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	3 m 10 m 5 m	1 day 1 week 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical Radarsat SAR, optical
Flooding extent caused by jams and dams	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	10 m 5 m 3 m	1 week 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radarsat SAR, optical SAR, optical
Flooding extent caused by jams and dams	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	5 m 3 m 15-30 m	1 day 1 day 2 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical SAR, optical Landsat, ASTER, SAR
Flooding extent caused by jams and dams	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	3 m 15-30 m 10 m	1 day 2 month 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical Landsat, ASTER, SAR SAR, optical
River icings (aufeis)	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	15-30 m 10 m 3 m	2 month 1 week 1 week	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Landsat, ASTER, SAR SAR, optical SAR, optical
River icings (aufeis)	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- - 0 km	- - 1000 km	10% 5% 2 km	10 m 3 m 2 km	1 week 1 week 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical SAR, optical AVHRR
River icings (aufeis)	Freshwater Ice	IGOS		- 0 km 0 km	- 1000 km 1000 km	5% 2 km 2 km	3 m 2 km 2 km	1 week 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, optical AVHRR Hi-res optical and SAR
Ice sheet margin	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 km	1000 km 1000 km 1000 km	2 km 2 km 25 m	2 km 2 km 25 m	5 year 5 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AVHRR Hi-res optical and SAR Hi-res optical and SAR
Ice sheet margin	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 km	1000 km 1000 km 1000 km	2 km 25 m 1 km	2 km 25 m 1 km	5 year 1 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-res optical and SAR Hi-res optical and SAR
Ice sheet margin	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 km	1000 km 1000 km 1000 km	25 m 1 km 1 km	25 m 1 km 1 km	1 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-res optical and SAR Hi-res optical/InSAR
Grounding line	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 km	1000 km 1000 km 1000 km	1 km 1 km 100 m	1 km 1 km 1 km	5 year 5 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-res optical/InSAR Hi-res optical/InSAR
Grounding line	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 cm water eq/yr	1000 km 1000 km 50 cm water eq/yr	1 km 100 m 1 cm water eq/yr	1 km 1 km 25 km	5 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-res optical/InSAR Hi-res optical/InSAR Passive microwave, P/E/ models and in situ
Grounding line	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 cm water eq/yr 0 cm water eq/yr	1000 km 50 cm water eq/yr 50 cm water eq/yr	100 m 1 cm water eq/yr 1 cm water eq/yr	1 km 25 km 25 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-res optical/InSAR Passive microwave, P/E/ models and in situ Active/ passive microwave
Surface accumulation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 cm water eq/yr 0 cm water eq/yr 0 cm water eq/yr	50 cm water eq/yr 50 cm water eq/yr 50 cm water eq/yr	1 cm water eq/yr 1 cm water eq/yr 1 cm water eq/yr	25 km 25 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive microwave, P/E/ models and in situ Active/ passive microwave Active/ passive microwave
Surface accumulation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 cm water eq/yr 0 cm water eq/yr 0 m/yr	50 cm water eq/yr 50 cm water eq/yr 20 m/yr	1 cm water eq/yr 1 cm water eq/yr 100 cm/yr	25 km 1 km 10 km	1 year 6 month 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Active/ passive microwave Active/ passive microwave Inferred
Surface accumulation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 cm water eq/yr 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	50 cm water eq/yr 20 m/yr 20 m/yr	1 cm water eq/yr 100 cm/yr 100 cm/yr	1 km 10 km 10 km	6 month 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Active/ passive microwave Inferred
Basal melt magnitude	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	20 m/yr 20 m/yr 20 m/yr	100 cm/yr 100 cm/yr 10 cm/yr	10 km 10 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Inferred
Basal melt magnitude	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 km<sup>2</sup>	20 m/yr 20 m/yr 104 km<sup>2</sup>	100 cm/yr 10 cm/yr 1 km	10 km 1 km 50 km	1 year 6 month 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01
Basal melt magnitude	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 km<sup>2</sup> 0 km<sup>2</sup>	20 m/yr 104 km<sup>2</sup> 104 km<sup>2</sup>	10 cm/yr 1 km 1 km	1 km 50 km 50 km	6 month 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	UHF/VHF radar
Basal melt distribution	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km<sup>2</sup> 0 km<sup>2</sup> 0 km<sup>2</sup>	104 km<sup>2</sup> 104 km<sup>2</sup> 104 km<sup>2</sup>	1 km 1 km 1 km	50 km 50 km 10 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	UHF/VHF radar UHF/VHF radar
Basal melt distribution	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km<sup>2</sup> 0 km<sup>2</sup> 0 km	104 km<sup>2</sup> 104 km<sup>2</sup> 4 km	1 km 1 km 50 cm	50 km 10 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	UHF/VHF radar UHF/VHF radar
Basal melt distribution	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km<sup>2</sup> 0 km 0 km	104 km<sup>2</sup> 4 km 4 km	1 km 50 cm 50 cm	10 km 1 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	UHF/VHF radar Radar and laser altimeter
Surface elevation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 km	4 km 4 km 4 km	50 cm 50 cm 50 cm	1 km 1 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radar and laser altimeter Radar and laser altimeter
Surface elevation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 km 0 m/yr	4 km 4 km 5 m/yr	50 cm 50 cm 10 cm/yr	1 km 1 km 5 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radar and laser altimeter Radar and laser altimeter
Surface elevation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	4 km 5 m/yr 5 m/yr	50 cm 10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr	1 km 5 km 5 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radar and laser altimeter Radar and laser
Surface elevation change	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	5 m/yr 5 m/yr 5 m/yr	10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr	5 km 5 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radar and laser Radar and laser
Surface elevation change	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	5 m/yr 5 m/yr 910 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr 50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	5 km 1 km 100 km	1 year 6 month 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radar and laser Radar and laser
Surface elevation change	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 0 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	5 m/yr 910 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 910 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	10 cm/yr 50 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	1 km 100 km 100 km	6 month 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Radar and laser In situ obs
Snow/Firn density	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 0 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 1 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	910 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 910 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 910 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	50 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 50 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 50 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	100 km 100 km 100 km	5 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs In situ obs
Snow/Firn density	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 1 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 2 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	910 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 910 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 3 mm	50 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 50 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 0.25mm	100 km 100 km 100 km	5 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs In situ obs Optical and in situ
Snow/Firn density	Ice sheet	IGOS		1 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 2 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	910 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 3 mm 3 mm	50 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 0.25mm 0.25mm	100 km 100 km 100 km	5 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs Optical and in situ
Snow grain size and shape	Ice sheet	IGOS		2 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 4 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	3 mm 3 mm 3 mm	0.25mm 0.25mm 0.25mm	100 km 100 km 100 km	5 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Optical and in situ
Snow grain size and shape	Ice sheet	IGOS		3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 4 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 5 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	3 mm 3 mm 278 K	0.25mm 0.25mm 1 K	100 km 100 km 10 km	5 year 5 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs
Snow grain size and shape	Ice sheet	IGOS		4 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 5 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 6 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	3 mm 278 K 278 K	0.25mm 1 K 1 K	100 km 10 km 10 km	5 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs Annual average THIR
Ice sheet surface temperature	Ice sheet	IGOS		5 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 7 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	278 K 278 K 278 K	1 K 1 K 1 K	10 km 10 km 10 km	1 year 1 year 1 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ obs Annual average THIR Annual average THIR
Ice sheet surface temperature	Ice sheet	IGOS		6 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 7 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	278 K 278 K 273 K	1 K 1 K 0.1 K	10 km 10 km 500 km	1 year 1 month 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Annual average THIR Annual average THIR
Ice sheet surface temperature	Ice sheet	IGOS		7 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 8 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 9 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	278 K 273 K 273 K	1 K 0.1 K 0.1 K	10 km 500 km 500 km	1 month 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Annual average THIR Borehole temp.
Internal temperature	Ice sheet	IGOS		8 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 9 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 10 kg/m<sup>3</sup>	273 K 273 K 273 K	0.1 K 0.1 K 0.1 K	500 km 500 km 500 km	5 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Borehole temp. Borehole temp.
Internal temperature	Ice sheet	IGOS		9 kg/m<sup>3</sup> 10 kg/m<sup>3</sup> -	273 K 273 K -	0.1 K 0.1 K 2 mgal	500 km 500 km 1 km	5 year 5 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Borehole temp. Borehole temp.
Internal temperature	Ice sheet	IGOS		10 kg/m<sup>3</sup> - -	273 K - -	0.1 K 2 mgal 2 mgal	500 km 1 km 1 km	5 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Borehole temp. Airborne Gravity
Gravity field	Ice sheet	IGOS		- - -	- - -	2 mgal 2 mgal 0.5 mgal	1 km 1 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Airborne Gravity Airborne Gravity
Gravity field	Ice sheet	IGOS		- - 0 km/yr	- - 15 km/yr	2 mgal 0.5 mgal 10 m/yr	1 km 1 km 100 km	1 year 1 year 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Airborne Gravity Airborne Gravity
Gravity field	Ice sheet	IGOS		- 0 km/yr 0 km/yr	- 15 km/yr 15 km/yr	0.5 mgal 10 m/yr 10 m/yr	1 km 100 km 100 km	1 year 6 month 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Airborne Gravity GPS and inSAR
Surface velocity field	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 km/yr 0 km/yr	15 km/yr 15 km/yr 15 km/yr	10 m/yr 10 m/yr 10 m/yr	100 km 100 km 100 km	6 month 6 month 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	GPS and inSAR GPS and inSAR
Surface velocity field	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 km/yr 0 m/yr	15 km/yr 15 km/yr 1 m/yr	10 m/yr 10 m/yr 10 cm/yr	100 km 100 km 50 km	6 month 6 month 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	GPS and inSAR GPS and inSAR
Surface velocity field	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	15 km/yr 1 m/yr 1 m/yr	10 m/yr 10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr	100 km 50 km 50 km	6 month 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	GPS and inSAR Vertical strain guages
Vertical velocity variation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	1 m/yr 1 m/yr 1 m/yr	10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr	50 km 50 km 1 km	5 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Vertical strain guages Vertical strain guages
Vertical velocity variation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0.01 km	1 m/yr 1 m/yr 4 km	10 cm/yr 10 cm/yr 20 m	50 km 1 km 50 km	5 year 5 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Vertical strain guages Vertical strain guages Ice sheet wide
Vertical velocity variation	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 m/yr 0.01 km 0.01 km	1 m/yr 4 km 4 km	10 cm/yr 20 m 20 m	1 km 50 km 50 km	5 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Vertical strain guages Ice sheet wide VHF and UHF radar
Ice sheet thickness	Ice sheet	IGOS		0.01 km 0.01 km 0.01 km	4 km 4 km 4 km	20 m 20 m 20 m	50 km 50 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Ice sheet wide VHF and UHF radar VHF and UHF radar
Ice sheet thickness	Ice sheet	IGOS		0.01 km 0.01 km 0.01 km	4 km 4 km 4 km	20 m 20 m 20 m	50 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	VHF and UHF radar VHF and UHF radar
Ice sheet thickness	Ice sheet	IGOS		0.01 km 0.01 km 0.01 km	4 km 4 km 4 km	20 m 20 m 20 m	1 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	VHF and UHF radar VHF and UHF radar
Internal layer depth	Ice sheet	IGOS		0.01 km 0.01 km 0.01 km	4 km 4 km 4 km	20 m 20 m 20 m	1 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	VHF and UHF radar VHF and UHF radar
Internal layer depth	Ice sheet	IGOS		0.01 km 0.01 km 0 km/yr	4 km 4 km 30 km/yr	20 m 20 m 1 km/yr	1 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	VHF and UHF radar VHF and UHF radar Inferred
Internal layer depth	Ice sheet	IGOS		0.01 km 0 km/yr 0 km/yr	4 km 30 km/yr 30 km/yr	20 m 1 km/yr 1 km/yr	1 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	VHF and UHF radar Inferred
Iceberg calving rate	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 km/yr 0 km/yr	30 km/yr 30 km/yr 30 km/yr	1 km/yr 1 km/yr 1 km/yr	1 km 1 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 6 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Inferred
Iceberg calving rate	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 km/yr 0 m	30 km/yr 30 km/yr 100 m	1 km/yr 1 km/yr 100 m	1 km 1 km 1 km	1 year 6 month 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01
Iceberg calving rate	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 m 0 m	30 km/yr 100 m 100 m	1 km/yr 100 m 100 m	1 km 1 km 1 km	6 month 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-Res optical and inSAR
Changes in ice sheet morphology	Ice sheet	IGOS	E.g. crevasses, shear margins	0 m 0 m 0 m	100 m 100 m 100 m	100 m 100 m 100 m	1 km 1 km 1 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-Res optical and inSAR Hi-Res optical and inSAR
Changes in ice sheet morphology	Ice sheet	IGOS	E.g. crevasses, shear margins	0 m 0 m -	100 m 100 m -	100 m 100 m -	1 km 1 km -	1 year 1 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-Res optical and inSAR Hi-Res optical and inSAR
Changes in ice sheet morphology	Ice sheet	IGOS	E.g. crevasses, shear margins	0 m - -	100 m - -	100 m - 10 cm	1 km - 0.5 km	1 year - 15 year	- - 90 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-Res optical and inSAR
Ice sheet topography	Ice sheet	CLIC		- - -	- - -	- 10 cm 5 cm	- 0.5 km 0.1 km	- 15 year 10 year	- 90 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Ice sheet topography	Ice sheet	CLIC		- - -	- - -	10 cm 5 cm -	0.5 km 0.1 km -	15 year 10 year -	90 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29	-
Ice sheet topography	Ice sheet	CLIC		- - -	- - -	5 cm - 20 cm	0.1 km - 0.05 km	10 year - 10 year	30 day - 2 year	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29	- Ice sheet geometry
Ice sheet topography	Ice sheet	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	- 20 cm 10 cm	- 0.05 km 0.01 km	- 10 year 356 day	- 2 year 360 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- Ice sheet geometry Ice sheet geometry
Ice sheet topography	Ice sheet	Climate-TOPC		- - 0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km	- - 20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km	20 cm 10 cm 2500 km<sup>2</sup>	0.05 km 0.01 km 25 km	10 year 356 day 1 day	2 year 360 day -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Ice sheet geometry Ice sheet geometry
Ice sheet topography	Ice sheet	Climate-TOPC		- 0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km	- 20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km	10 cm 2500 km<sup>2</sup> 2500 km<sup>2</sup>	0.01 km 25 km 25 km	356 day 1 day 1 day	360 day - -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Ice sheet geometry Passive and active microwave
Surface melt extent	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km	20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km	2500 km<sup>2</sup> 2500 km<sup>2</sup> 2500 km<sup>2</sup>	25 km 25 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive and active microwave Passive and active microwave
Surface melt extent	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 0 Melt days	20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 100 Melt days	2500 km<sup>2</sup> 2500 km<sup>2</sup> 1 Melt day	25 km 10 km 25 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive and active microwave Passive and active microwave
Surface melt extent	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 0 Melt days 0 Melt days	20 x 10<sup>6</sup> sq km 100 Melt days 100 Melt days	2500 km<sup>2</sup> 1 Melt day 1 Melt day	10 km 25 km 25 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive and active microwave Passive and active microwave
Surface melt duration	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 Melt days 0 Melt days 0 Melt days	100 Melt days 100 Melt days 100 Melt days	1 Melt day 1 Melt day 1 Melt day	25 km 25 km 1 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive and active microwave Passive and active microwave
Surface melt duration	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 Melt days 0 Melt days 0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	100 Melt days 100 Melt days 200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	1 Melt day 1 Melt day 50 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	25 km 1 km 500 km	1 day 1 day 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive and active microwave Passive and active microwave Flux approach not included in this category
Surface melt duration	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 Melt days 0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	100 Melt days 200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	1 Melt day 50 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 50 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	1 km 500 km 500 km	1 day 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Passive and active microwave Flux approach not included in this category Satellite Gravity
Ice sheet mass change	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	50 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 50 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 10 km<sup>3</sup>/yr	500 km 500 km 500 km	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Flux approach not included in this category Satellite Gravity Satellite Gravity
Ice sheet mass change	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 0 w/m<sup>2</sup>	200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 1 w/m<sup>2</sup>	50 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 10 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 1 w/m<sup>2</sup>	500 km 500 km 1000 km	1 year 1 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Satellite Gravity Satellite Gravity
Ice sheet mass change	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 0 w/m<sup>2</sup> 0 w/m<sup>2</sup>	200 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup>	10 km<sup>3</sup>/yr 1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup>	500 km 1000 km 1000 km	1 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Satellite Gravity TBD approach
Geothermal heat flux	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 w/m<sup>2</sup> 0 w/m<sup>2</sup> 0 w/m<sup>2</sup>	1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup>	1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup>	1000 km 1000 km 100 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	TBD approach TBD approach
Geothermal heat flux	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 w/m<sup>2</sup> 0 w/m<sup>2</sup> -	1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup> -	1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 3%	1000 km 100 km 30 m	10 year 10 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	TBD approach TBD approach Landsat etc.
Geothermal heat flux	Ice sheet	IGOS		0 w/m<sup>2</sup> - 0.01 km<sup>2</sup>	1 w/m<sup>2</sup> - -	1 w/m<sup>2</sup> 3% 3%	100 km 30 m 50 m	10 year 5 year 5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	TBD approach Landsat etc. Hi-res optical
Glacier area	Glacier	IGOS		- 0.01 km<sup>2</sup> 0.01 km<sup>2</sup>	- - -	3% 3% 1%	30 m 50 m 15 m	5 year 5 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Landsat etc. Hi-res optical
Glacier area	Glacier	IGOS		0.01 km<sup>2</sup> 0.01 km<sup>2</sup> -	- - -	3% 1% 1%	50 m 15 m 5 m	5 year 1 year 30 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hi-res optical Airborne
Glacier area	Glacier	IGOS		0.01 km<sup>2</sup> - -	- - -	1% 1% -	15 m 5 m -	1 year 30 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Airborne
Glacier area	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	1% - -	5 m - -	30 year - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Airborne
Glacier area	Glacier	IGOS		- - 0 m sl.	- - 8500 m sl.	- - 5 m	- - 100 m	- - 5 year	- - -	(OSCAR)		For Models
Glacier area	Glacier	IGOS		- 0 m sl. 0 m sl.	- 8500 m sl. 8500 m sl.	- 5 m 0.1 m	- 100 m 30 m	- 5 year 1 year	- - -	(OSCAR)		For Models Mass Balance
Glacier topography	Glacier	IGOS		0 m sl. 0 m sl. -	8500 m sl. 8500 m sl. -	5 m 0.1 m -	100 m 30 m -	5 year 1 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	For Models Mass Balance
Glacier topography	Glacier	IGOS		0 m sl. - -	8500 m sl. - -	0.1 m - -	30 m - -	1 year - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Mass Balance -
Glacier topography	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- - 100 cm	- - 100 m	- - 5 year	- - 2 year	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	- Glacier inventory
Glacier topography	Glacier	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	- 100 cm 10 cm	- 100 m 30 m	- 5 year 356 day	- 2 year 360 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- Glacier inventory Glacier inventory
Glacier topography	Glacier	Climate-TOPC		- - 0 km/yr	- - 10 km/yr	100 cm 10 cm 5%	100 m 30 m 10 m	5 year 356 day 1 year	2 year 360 day -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Glacier inventory Glacier inventory InSAR, hi-res optical, etc.
Glacier topography	Glacier	Climate-TOPC		- 0 km/yr 0 km/yr	- 10 km/yr 10 km/yr	10 cm 5% 1%	30 m 10 m 20 m	356 day 1 year 1 month	360 day - -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Glacier inventory InSAR, hi-res optical, etc. InSAR, hi-res optical, etc.
Glacier velocity	Glacier	IGOS		0 km/yr 0 km/yr -	10 km/yr 10 km/yr -	5% 1% -	10 m 20 m -	1 year 1 month -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	InSAR, hi-res optical, etc. InSAR, hi-res optical, etc. In situ
Glacier velocity	Glacier	IGOS		0 km/yr - 0.05 km<sup>2</sup>	10 km/yr - 10 km<sup>2</sup>	1% - 3%	20 m - 50 m	1 month - 1 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	InSAR, hi-res optical, etc. In situ SAR, hi-res optical
Glacier velocity	Glacier	IGOS		- 0.05 km<sup>2</sup> 0.01 km<sup>2</sup>	- 10 km<sup>2</sup> 10 km<sup>2</sup>	- 3% 1%	- 50 m 15 m	- 1 month 5 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ SAR, hi-res optical SAR, hi-res optical
Glacier dammed lakes	Glacier	IGOS		0.05 km<sup>2</sup> 0.01 km<sup>2</sup> -	10 km<sup>2</sup> 10 km<sup>2</sup> -	3% 1% -	50 m 15 m -	1 month 5 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, hi-res optical SAR, hi-res optical Airborne
Glacier dammed lakes	Glacier	IGOS		0.01 km<sup>2</sup> - -	10 km<sup>2</sup> - -	1% - -	15 m - point	5 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, hi-res optical Airborne In situ
Glacier dammed lakes	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- - 200 m	- point 100 m	- - 1 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Airborne In situ Position of boundary
Facies, snowline	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 200 m 30 m	point 100 m 30 m	- 1 month 10 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ Position of boundary Position of boundary
Facies, snowline	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	200 m 30 m 5%	100 m 30 m point	1 month 10 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Position of boundary Position of boundary In situ
Facies, snowline	Glacier	IGOS		- - 0.05	- - 8 m	30 m 5% 10%	30 m point 500 m	10 day - 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Position of boundary In situ Ku-, X-SAR
Accumulation	Glacier	IGOS		- 0.05 0.1	- 8 m 5 m	5% 10% 5%	point 500 m 100 m	- 1 year 1 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ Ku-, X-SAR Ku-, X-SAR
Accumulation	Glacier	IGOS		0.05 0.1 -	8 m 5 m -	10% 5% 0.1 m	500 m 100 m point	1 year 1 month -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Ku-, X-SAR Ku-, X-SAR In situ
Accumulation	Glacier	IGOS		0.1 - 0	5 m - ±5 m	5% 0.1 m 0.2 m	100 m point 500 m	1 month - 1 month	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Ku-, X-SAR In situ Process model & SAR
Glacier mass balance	Glacier	IGOS		- 0 0	- ±5 m ±5 m	0.1 m 0.2 m 0.05 m	point 500 m 100 m	- 1 month 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ Process model & SAR Process model & SAR
Glacier mass balance	Glacier	IGOS		0 0 0	±5 m ±5 m 200 m	0.2 m 0.05 m 2-5 m	500 m 100 m 100 m	1 month 1 year 30 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Process model & SAR Process model & SAR In situ, airborne
Glacier mass balance	Glacier	IGOS		0 0 -	±5 m 200 m -	0.05 m 2-5 m -	100 m 100 m -	1 year 30 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Process model & SAR In situ, airborne
Glacier ice thickness	Glacier	IGOS		0 - -	200 m - -	2-5 m - -	100 m - -	30 year - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ, airborne
Glacier ice thickness	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- - -	- - -	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	-
Glacier ice thickness	Glacier	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- - 10%	- - 100 m	- - 5 year	- - 2 year	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	- Glacier inventory
Glacier cover	Glacier	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	- 100 m 30 m	- 5 year 356 day	- 2 year 360 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- Glacier inventory Glacier inventory
Glacier cover	Glacier	Climate-TOPC		- - NA	- - NA	10% 5% 10 km	100 m 30 m 10 km	5 year 356 day 1 day	2 year 360 day -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Glacier inventory Glacier inventory SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Glacier cover	Glacier	Climate-TOPC		- NA NA	- NA NA	5% 10 km 10 km	30 m 10 km 10 km	356 day 1 day 2 hour	360 day - -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Glacier inventory SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Limit of iceberg area	Iceberg	IGOS		NA NA NA	NA NA NA	10 km 10 km 10 km	10 km 10 km 10 km	1 day 2 hour 2 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Limit of iceberg area	Iceberg	IGOS		NA NA 0%	NA NA 100%	10 km 10 km 10%	10 km 10 km 1 deg	2 hour 2 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Limit of iceberg area	Iceberg	IGOS		NA 0% 0%	NA 100% 100%	10 km 10% <10%	10 km 1 deg 1 deg	2 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Concentration of icebergs	Iceberg	IGOS		0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	10% <10% <5%	1 deg 1 deg 1 deg	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Concentration of icebergs	Iceberg	IGOS		0% 0% NA	100% 100% -	<10% <5% 10%	1 deg 1 deg 1 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Concentration of icebergs	Iceberg	IGOS		0% NA NA	100% - -	<5% 10% <10%	1 deg 1 km 1 km	1 day 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Iceberg position	Iceberg	IGOS		NA NA NA	- - -	10% <10% <5%	1 km 1 km 1 km	1 day 1 day 2 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Iceberg position	Iceberg	IGOS		NA NA 0.01 km	- - km	<10% <5% 30%	1 km 1 km 0.01 km	1 day 2 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Iceberg position	Iceberg	IGOS		NA 0.01 km 0.001 km	- km km	<5% 30% 30%	1 km 0.01 km 0.01 km	2 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Iceberg size	Iceberg	IGOS		0.01 km 0.001 km 0.001 km	km km km	30% 30% 30%	0.01 km 0.01 km 0.001 km	1 day 1 day 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance
Iceberg size	Iceberg	IGOS		0.001 km 0.001 km 1 m	km km m	30% 30% 30%	0.01 km 0.001 km 10 m	1 day 1 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance shipborne, modelling
Iceberg size	Iceberg	IGOS		0.001 km 1 m 1 m	km m m	30% 30% 30%	0.001 km 10 m 1 m	1 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, airborne reconnaissance shipborne, modelling altimeter (for large bergs)
Iceberg draft	Iceberg	IGOS		1 m 1 m 1 m	m m m	30% 30% 30%	10 m 1 m 1 m	1 day 1 day 2 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	shipborne, modelling altimeter (for large bergs) altimeter
Iceberg draft	Iceberg	IGOS		1 m 1 m 0 kg	m m kg	30% 30% 30%	1 m 1 m 15 km	1 day 2 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	altimeter (for large bergs) altimeter shipborne, modelling
Iceberg draft	Iceberg	IGOS		1 m 0 kg 0 kg	m kg kg	30% 30% 30%	1 m 15 km 15 km	2 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	altimeter shipborne, modelling altimeter (for large bergs)
Iceberg mass	Iceberg	IGOS		0 kg 0 kg 0 kg	kg kg kg	30% 30% 30%	15 km 15 km 10 km	1 day 1 day 2 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	shipborne, modelling altimeter (for large bergs) altimeter
Iceberg mass	Iceberg	IGOS		0 kg 0 kg 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	kg kg 30 km day<sup>-1</sup>	30% 30% 10%	15 km 10 km 1 km day<sup>-1</sup>	1 day 2 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	altimeter (for large bergs) altimeter SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR
Iceberg mass	Iceberg	IGOS		0 kg 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	kg 30 km day<sup>-1</sup> 30 km day<sup>-1</sup>	30% 10% 10%	10 km 1 km day<sup>-1</sup> 1 km day<sup>-1</sup>	2 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	altimeter SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR
Iceberg velocity	Iceberg	IGOS		0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup>	30 km day<sup>-1</sup> 30 km day<sup>-1</sup> 30 km day<sup>-1</sup>	10% 10% 10%	1 km day<sup>-1</sup> 1 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup>	1 day 1 day 2 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR
Iceberg velocity	Iceberg	IGOS		0 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	30 km day<sup>-1</sup> 30 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	10% 10% -	1 km day<sup>-1</sup> 0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> -	1 day 2 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR
Iceberg velocity	Iceberg	IGOS		0 km day<sup>-1</sup> - -	30 km day<sup>-1</sup> - -	10% - 25 -	0.5 km day<sup>-1</sup> - 100 km	2 hour - 3 day	- - 6 day	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	SAR, SLAR, scatterometer visible/IR
Permafrost	Permafrost	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	- 25 - 5 -	- 100 km 0.1 km	- 3 day 6 hour	- 6 day 6 hour	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Permafrost	Permafrost	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	25 - 5 - -	100 km 0.1 km -	3 day 6 hour -	6 day 6 hour -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20	-
Permafrost	Permafrost	Hydrology		- - -	- - -	5 - - 10 -	0.1 km - 10 km	6 hour - 5 day	6 hour - 5 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20	- Permafrost extent including seasonally-frozen ground
Permafrost	Permafrost	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	- 10 - 5 -	- 10 km 0.25 km	- 5 day 24 hour	- 5 day 1 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- Permafrost extent including seasonally-frozen ground Permafrost extent including seasonally-frozen ground
Permafrost	Permafrost	Climate-TOPC		- - -20°C	- - 0°C	10 - 5 - .05 K	10 km 0.25 km Vertical Profile	5 day 24 hour 1 year	5 day 1 day -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Permafrost extent including seasonally-frozen ground Permafrost extent including seasonally-frozen ground Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a)
Permafrost	Permafrost	Climate-TOPC		- -20°C -20°C	- 0°C 0°C	5 - .05 K .01 K	0.25 km Vertical Profile Vertical Profile	24 hour 1 year 1 year	1 day - -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	Permafrost extent including seasonally-frozen ground Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a) Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a)
Permafrost thermal state	Permafrost	IGOS		-20°C -20°C -20°C	0°C 0°C 0°C	.05 K .01 K .01 K	Vertical Profile Vertical Profile Vertical Profile	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a) Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a) Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a)
Permafrost thermal state	Permafrost	IGOS		-20°C -20°C 0m	0°C 0°C 1600 m	.01 K .01 K 1 m	Vertical Profile Vertical Profile Point	1 year 1 year 10-100 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a) Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a) Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter
Permafrost thermal state	Permafrost	IGOS		-20°C 0m 0m	0°C 1600 m 1600 m	.01 K 1 m 0.5 m	Vertical Profile Point Point	1 year 10-100 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Key parameter in the GTN-P; in situ measurements; (annual upper 20-100 m; deeper 5 a) Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter
Permafrost thickness	Permafrost	IGOS		0m 0m 0m	1600 m 1600 m 1600 m	1 m 0.5 m 0.5 m	Point Point Point	10-100 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter
Permafrost thickness	Permafrost	IGOS		0m 0m 0%	1600 m 1600 m 100%	0.5 m 0.5 m -	Point Point 10 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics
Permafrost thickness	Permafrost	IGOS		0m 0% 0%	1600 m 100% 100%	0.5 m - 2%	Point 10 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Measured or interpolated from temperature profiles; inferred from geophysical logs or surface surveys; modeled parameter Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics
Permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS	Continental	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	- 2% 1%	10 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics
Permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS	Continental	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	2% 1% -	1 km 1 km 25 m	10 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m)
Permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS	Continental	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	1% - 2%	1 km 25 m 25 m	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Inferred from ground temperatures, photo terrain, interpretation, geophysics Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m) Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m)
Permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS	Mountainous	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	- 2% 1%	25 m 25 m 25 m	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m) Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m) Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m)
Permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS	Mountainous	0% 0% 0.01 m/yr	100% 100% 15 m/yr	2% 1% 1 cm	25 m 25 m Point	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m) Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m) Survey transects, repeat high-resolution imagery, radar, InSAR
Permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS	Mountainous	0% 0.01 m/yr 0.01 m/yr	100% 15 m/yr 15 m/yr	1% 1 cm 1 cm	25 m Point 10 m	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Distributed models, based on DEM, calibrated with BTS; distribution based on elevation (m) Survey transects, repeat high-resolution imagery, radar, InSAR Same; InSAR
Downslope creeping velocity	Permafrost	IGOS		0.01 m/yr 0.01 m/yr 0.01 m/yr	15 m/yr 15 m/yr 15 m/yr	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	Point 10 m 10 m	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Survey transects, repeat high-resolution imagery, radar, InSAR Same; InSAR Same; InSAR
Downslope creeping velocity	Permafrost	IGOS		0.01 m/yr 0.01 m/yr 0 m	15 m/yr 15 m/yr 1 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	10 m 10 m Point	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Same; InSAR Same; InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR
Downslope creeping velocity	Permafrost	IGOS		0.01 m/yr 0 m 0 m	15 m/yr 1 m 1 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	10 m Point 10 m	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Same; InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR
Annual surface elevation change	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 m	1 m 1 m 1 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	Point 10 m 1 m	1 year 1 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR
Annual surface elevation change	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 Vol %	1 m 1 m 100 Vol %	1 cm 1 cm 5-10 Vol %	10 m 1 m Point	1 year 1 year One time	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ measurements (sampling during borehole drilling)
Annual surface elevation change	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m 0 Vol % 0 Vol %	1 m 100 Vol % 100 Vol %	1 cm 5-10 Vol % 5 Vol %	1 m Point 1 m	1 year One time -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ measurements (sampling during borehole drilling) In situ measurements (sampling during borehole drilling)
Ground ice volume	Permafrost	IGOS		0 Vol % 0 Vol % 0 Vol %	100 Vol % 100 Vol % 100 Vol %	5-10 Vol % 5 Vol % 5 Vol %	Point 1 m 0.1 m	One time - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ measurements (sampling during borehole drilling) In situ measurements (sampling during borehole drilling) Geophysical investigations
Ground ice volume	Permafrost	IGOS		0 Vol % 0 Vol % 0m	100 Vol % 100 Vol % 5 m	5 Vol % 5 Vol % 1 cm	1 m 0.1 m Point	- - 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ measurements (sampling during borehole drilling) Geophysical investigations In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter)
Ground ice volume	Permafrost	IGOS		0 Vol % 0m 0m	100 Vol % 5 m 5 m	5 Vol % 1 cm 1 cm	0.1 m Point Point	- 1 year 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Geophysical investigations In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter) In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter)
Active layer depth	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0m 0m 0m	5 m 5 m 5 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	Point Point Point	1 year 7 day 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter) In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter) In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter)
Active layer depth	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0m 0m -60°C	5 m 5 m 35°C	1 cm 1 cm 0.1 K	Point Point Vertical Profile	7 day 7 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter) In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter) 10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter
Active layer depth	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0m -60°C -60°C	5 m 35°C 35°C	1 cm 0.1 K 0.05 K	Point Vertical Profile Vertical Profile	7 day 1 day 6 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ measurements (maximum value at end of summer, key GTN-P parameter) 10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter 10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter
Soil temperature	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	-60°C -60°C -60°C	35°C 35°C 35°C	0.1 K 0.05 K 0.05 K	Vertical Profile Vertical Profile Vertical Profile	1 day 6 hour 6 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter 10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter 10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter
Soil temperature	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	-60°C -60°C -70°C	35°C 35°C 45°C	0.05 K 0.05 K 1 K	Vertical Profile Vertical Profile 1 km	6 hour 6 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter 10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter MODIS
Soil temperature	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	-60°C -70°C -70°C	35°C 45°C 45°C	0.05 K 1 K 1 K	Vertical Profile 1 km 100 m	6 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	10 cm interval to 1.2m on data recorder; GTOS TEM parameter MODIS
Surface temperature	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	-70°C -70°C -70°C	45°C 45°C 45°C	1 K 1 K 1 K	1 km 100 m 10 m	1 day 1 day 0.5 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS
Surface temperature	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	-70°C -70°C 0 Vol %	45°C 45°C -	1 K 1 K 1-5 Vol %	100 m 10 m Point	1 day 0.5 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Monitored continuously at some locations, or based on sampling during drilling or soil pits; GTOS TEM parameter
Surface temperature	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	-70°C 0 Vol % 0 Vol %	45°C - -	1 K 1-5 Vol % 1-5 Vol %	10 m Point 1 m	0.5 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Monitored continuously at some locations, or based on sampling during drilling or soil pits; GTOS TEM parameter Same; SAR
Soil moisture	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 Vol % 0 Vol % 0 Vol %	- - -	1-5 Vol % 1-5 Vol % 1-5 Vol %	Point 1 m 0.1 m	1 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Monitored continuously at some locations, or based on sampling during drilling or soil pits; GTOS TEM parameter Same; SAR Same; SAR
Soil moisture	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 Vol % 0 Vol % 0 days	- - 365 days	1-5 Vol % 1-5 Vol % 14 d	1 m 0.1 m Point	- - 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Same; SAR Same; SAR Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave
Soil moisture	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 Vol % 0 days 0 days	- 365 days 365 days	1-5 Vol % 14 d 7 d	0.1 m Point 1 km	- 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Same; SAR Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave
Duration of thaw	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 days 0 days 0 days	365 days 365 days 365 days	14 d 7 d 7 d	Point 1 km 100 m	1 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave
Duration of thaw	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 days 0 days 0 cm	365 days 365 days 100 cm	7 d 7 d 1 cm	1 km 100 m Point	- - 0.5 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR
Duration of thaw	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 days 0 cm 0 cm	365 days 100 cm 100 cm	7 d 1 cm 1 cm	100 m Point 10 cm	- 0.5 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR
Seasonal frost heave / thaw subsidence	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 cm 0 cm 0 cm	100 cm 100 cm 100 cm	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	Point 10 cm 1 cm	0.5 year - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR
Seasonal frost heave / thaw subsidence	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 cm 0 cm 0 days	100 cm 100 cm 365 days	1 cm 1 cm 14 d	10 cm 1 cm Point	- - 14 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave
Seasonal frost heave / thaw subsidence	Permafrost	IGOS	Area underlain by permafrost	0 cm 0 days 0 days	100 cm 365 days 365 days	1 cm 14 d 7 d	1 cm Point 1 km	- 14 day 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	In situ survey transects, LIDAR maps, InSAR Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave
Onset of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 days 0 days 0 days	365 days 365 days 365 days	14 d 7 d 7 d	Point 1 km 100 m	14 day 7 day 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave
Onset of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 days 0 days 0 m	365 days 365 days 4 m	7 d 7 d 1 cm	1 km 100 m Point	7 day 7 day 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave
Onset of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 days 0 m 0 m	365 days 4 m 4 m	7 d 1 cm 1 cm	100 m Point Point	7 day 1 year 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave
Depth of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 m 0 m 0 m	4 m 4 m 4 m	1 cm 1 cm 1 cm	Point Point Point	1 year 7 day 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave
Depth of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 m 0 m 0 days	4 m 4 m 365 days	1 cm 1 cm 14 d	Point Point Point	7 day 7 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave
Depth of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 m 0 days 0 days	4 m 365 days 365 days	1 cm 14 d 7 d	Point Point 1 km	7 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Determined from interpolation of soil temperature profiles or frost tubes; passive microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave
Duration of freeze	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 days 0 days 0 days	365 days 365 days 365 days	14 d 7 d 7 d	Point 1 km 100 m	1 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave
Duration of freeze	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 days 0 days 0%	365 days 365 days 100%	7 d 7 d %	1 km 100 m 25 km	- - 5 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential
Duration of freeze	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0 days 0% 0%	365 days 100% 100%	7 d % %	100 m 25 km 10 km	- 5 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Computed from weather records and inferred or measured from soil temperatures; sequential microwave Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential
Distribution of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	% % %	25 km 10 km 1 km	5 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential
Distribution of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0% 0% 0 m/yr	100% 100% 30 m/yr	% % 0.5 m/yr	10 km 1 km Point	- - 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite
Distribution of seasonal freezing	Permafrost	IGOS	Areas not underlain by permafrost and beyond limits of permafrost	0% 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	100% 30 m/yr 30 m/yr	% 0.5 m/yr 0.25 m/yr	1 km Point 0.25 m	- 1 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Microwave (passive and active) sensors at regional scales; sequential Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite
Coastal retreat	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 m/yr	30 m/yr 30 m/yr 30 m/yr	0.5 m/yr 0.25 m/yr 0.25 m/yr	Point 0.25 m 0.25 m	1 year - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite
Coastal retreat	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 m/yr 0 cm/yr	30 m/yr 30 m/yr 15 cm/yr	0.25 m/yr 0.25 m/yr 1 mm	0.25 m 0.25 m Point	- - 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite DGPS
Coastal retreat	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m/yr 0 cm/yr 0 cm/yr	30 m/yr 15 cm/yr 15 cm/yr	0.25 m/yr 1 mm 1 mm	0.25 m Point 1 km	- 1 year -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Ground surveys, DGPS, aerial photos, high resolution satellite DGPS DGPS, LIDAR, Laser Altimetry
Isostatic vertical motion	Permafrost	IGOS		0 cm/yr 0 cm/yr 0 cm/yr	15 cm/yr 15 cm/yr 15 cm/yr	1 mm 1 mm 1 mm	Point 1 km 1 km	1 year - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	DGPS DGPS, LIDAR, Laser Altimetry DGPS, LIDAR, Laser Altimetry
Isostatic vertical motion	Permafrost	IGOS		0 cm/yr 0 cm/yr 0 m/s	15 cm/yr 15 cm/yr -	1 mm 1 mm 0.1 m/s	1 km 1 km Point	- - 1 min	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	DGPS, LIDAR, Laser Altimetry DGPS, LIDAR, Laser Altimetry Anemometer
Isostatic vertical motion	Permafrost	IGOS		0 cm/yr 0 m/s 0 m/s	15 cm/yr - -	1 mm 0.1 m/s 0.1 m/s	1 km Point Point	- 1 min -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	DGPS, LIDAR, Laser Altimetry Anemometer Anemometer
Wind speed and direction	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m/s 0 m/s 0 m/s	- - -	0.1 m/s 0.1 m/s 0.1 m/s	Point Point Point	1 min - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Anemometer Anemometer Anemometer
Wind speed and direction	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m/s 0 m/s NA	- - NA	0.1 m/s 0.1 m/s NA	Point Point NA	- - NA	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Anemometer Anemometer NA
Wind speed and direction	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m/s NA -	- NA -	0.1 m/s NA -	Point NA 25 m	- NA 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Anemometer NA Time-lapse camera, tide guage, Opportunistic SAR
Storm surge	Permafrost	IGOS		NA - -	NA - -	NA - -	NA 25 m 25 m	NA 1 day 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	NA Time-lapse camera, tide guage, Opportunistic SAR Time-lapse camera, tide guage, Opportunistic SAR
Storm surge	Permafrost	IGOS		- - NA	- - NA	- - NA	25 m 25 m NA	1 day 1 hour NA	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Time-lapse camera, tide guage, Opportunistic SAR Time-lapse camera, tide guage, Opportunistic SAR NA
Storm surge	Permafrost	IGOS		- NA -	- NA -	- NA -	25 m NA 250 m	1 hour NA 7 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Time-lapse camera, tide guage, Opportunistic SAR NA MODIS
Sediment transport	Permafrost	IGOS		NA - -	NA - -	NA - -	NA 250 m 250 m	NA 7 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	NA MODIS MODIS
Sediment transport	Permafrost	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- - 10 cm	250 m 250 m -	7 day 1 day -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS MODIS Multi-beam sonar
Sediment transport	Permafrost	IGOS		- - -	- - -	- 10 cm 10 cm	250 m - -	1 day - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar
Ice scouring depth	Permafrost	IGOS		- - -	- - -	10 cm 10 cm 10 cm	- - -	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar
Ice scouring depth	Permafrost	IGOS		- - 0%	- - 100%	10 cm 10 cm 20%	- - 10 m	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar
Ice scouring depth	Permafrost	IGOS		- 0% 0%	- 100% 100%	10 cm 20% 10%	- 10 m 1 m	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar
Ice scouring area	Permafrost	IGOS		0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	20% 10% 10%	10 m 1 m 1 m	- - -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar
Ice scouring area	Permafrost	IGOS		0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	10% 10% %	1 m 1 m 10 km	- - 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Multi-beam sonar Multi-beam sonar Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic
Ice scouring area	Permafrost	IGOS		0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	10% % %	1 m 10 km 1 km	- 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Multi-beam sonar Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic
Subsea permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS		0% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	% % %	10 km 1 km 1 km	10 year 10 year 1 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic
Subsea permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS		0% 0% 0 m	100% 100% 500 m	% % 1 m	1 km 1 km Point	10 year 1 year 10-100 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic
Subsea permafrost distribution	Permafrost	IGOS		0% 0 m 0 m	100% 500 m 500 m	% 1 m 1 m	1 km Point Point	1 year 10-100 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic
Subsea permafrost thickness	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 m	500 m 500 m 500 m	1 m 1 m 1 m	Point Point Point	10-100 year 10 year 10 year	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic
Subsea permafrost thickness	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m 0 m 0 mm	500 m 500 m 100 mm	1 m 1 m 1 mm	Point Point 1 km	10 year 10 year 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic MODIS / SSMI
Subsea permafrost thickness	Permafrost	IGOS		0 m 0 mm 0 mm	500 m 100 mm 100 mm	1 m 1 mm 1 mm	Point 1 km 0.5 km	10 year 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Boreholes, multibeam sonar, shallow seismic MODIS / SSMI Hydromet
Snowfall amount	Precipitation	IGOS		0 mm 0 mm 0 mm	100 mm 100 mm 100 mm	1 mm 1 mm 1 mm	1 km 0.5 km 0.1 km	1 day 1 day 12 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	MODIS / SSMI Hydromet Hydromet
Snowfall amount	Precipitation	IGOS		0 mm 0 mm 0 mm	100 mm 100 mm 100 mm/hr	1 mm 1 mm 2-10 cm	0.5 km 0.1 km 25 km	1 day 12 hour 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet AMSR-E / TRMM
Snowfall amount	Precipitation	IGOS		0 mm 0 mm 0 mm	100 mm 100 mm/hr 100 mm/hr	1 mm 2-10 cm 3 cm	0.1 km 25 km 0.5 km	12 hour 1 day 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet AMSR-E / TRMM Hydromet Transportation
Precipitation / Snowfall rate	Precipitation	IGOS		0 mm 0 mm 0 mm	100 mm/hr 100 mm/hr 100 mm/hr	2-10 cm 3 cm 2 cm	25 km 0.5 km 0.1 km	1 day 1 day 12 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	AMSR-E / TRMM Hydromet Transportation Hydromet Transportation
Precipitation / Snowfall rate	Precipitation	IGOS		0 mm 0 mm NA	100 mm/hr 100 mm/hr ---	3 cm 2 cm ---	0.5 km 0.1 km ---	1 day 12 hour ---	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Transportation Hydromet Transportation Need HF SAR
Precipitation / Snowfall rate	Precipitation	IGOS		0 mm NA 0.3	100 mm/hr --- 3	2 cm --- 10%	0.1 km --- 0.5 km	12 hour --- 1 day	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Transportation Need HF SAR Hydromet
Precipitation type	Precipitation	IGOS		NA 0.3 0.3	--- 3 3	--- 10% 7%	--- 0.5 km 0.1 km	--- 1 day 12 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Need HF SAR Hydromet Hydromet
Precipitation type	Precipitation	IGOS		0.3 0.3 -	3 3 -	10% 7% -	0.5 km 0.1 km -	1 day 12 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet -
Precipitation type	Precipitation	IGOS		0.3 - -	3 - -	7% - -	0.1 km - 5 km	12 hour - 3 hour	- - 2 hour	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet - Accuracy difficult to quantify--Resolutions in km--should be a 3D variable, considering precipitation types can be determined by polarmetric radars
Precipitation type at the surface	Precipitation	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- - -	- 5 km 0.25 km	- 3 hour 15 minute	- 2 hour 15 minute	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-07-29	- Accuracy difficult to quantify--Resolutions in km--should be a 3D variable, considering precipitation types can be determined by polarmetric radars Accuracy difficult to quantify--Resolutions in km--should be a 3D variable, considering precipitation types can be determined by polarmetric radars
Precipitation type at the surface	Precipitation	High Res NWP		- - 0	- - ~0.7	- - 12936	5 km 0.25 km 25 km	3 hour 15 minute 1 day	2 hour 15 minute -	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-07-29	Accuracy difficult to quantify--Resolutions in km--should be a 3D variable, considering precipitation types can be determined by polarmetric radars Accuracy difficult to quantify--Resolutions in km--should be a 3D variable, considering precipitation types can be determined by polarmetric radars e.g. AMSR-E
Precipitation type at the surface	Precipitation	High Res NWP		- 0 0	- ~0.7 1	- 12936 10	0.25 km 25 km 0.5 km	15 minute 1 day 1 day	15 minute - -	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-07-29	Accuracy difficult to quantify--Resolutions in km--should be a 3D variable, considering precipitation types can be determined by polarmetric radars e.g. AMSR-E Hydromet
Snow particle size	Precipitation	IGOS		0 0 0	~0.7 1 1	12936 10 6	25 km 0.5 km 0.1 km	1 day 1 day 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	e.g. AMSR-E Hydromet
Snow particle size	Precipitation	IGOS		0 0 -	1 1 -	10 6 -	0.5 km 0.1 km -	1 day 1 hour -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet
Snow particle size	Precipitation	IGOS		0 - -	1 - -	6 - 2 mm/h	0.1 km - 500 km	1 hour - 6 hour	- - 12 hour	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Climate-AOPC	Solid	- - -	- - -	- 2 mm/h 0.1 mm/h	- 500 km 100 km	- 6 hour 3 hour	- 12 hour 3 hour	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Climate-AOPC	Solid	- - -	- - -	2 mm/h 0.1 mm/h -	500 km 100 km -	6 hour 3 hour -	12 hour 3 hour -	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Climate-AOPC	Solid	- - -	- - -	0.1 mm/h - 1 mm/h	100 km - 50 km	3 hour - 12 hour	3 hour - 6 hour	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Global NWP	Solid	- - -	- - -	- 1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h	- 50 km 5 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 6 hour 6 minute	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Global NWP	Solid	- - -	- - -	1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h -	50 km 5 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	6 hour 6 minute -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Global NWP	Solid	- - -	- - -	0.1 mm/h - 1 mm/h	5 km - 10 km	1 hour - 3 hour	6 minute - 2 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	High Res NWP	Solid	- - -	- - -	- 1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h	- 10 km 0.5 km	- 3 hour 30 minute	- 2 hour 15 minute	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2010-02-01
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	High Res NWP	Solid	- - -	- - -	1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h -	10 km 0.5 km -	3 hour 30 minute -	2 hour 15 minute -	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2010-02-01	-
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	High Res NWP	Solid	- - -	- - -	0.1 mm/h - 1 mm/h	0.5 km - 50 km	30 minute - 3 hour	15 minute - 2 hour	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2010-02-01	- Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Nowcasting	Solid	- - -	- - -	- 1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h	- 50 km 1 km	- 3 hour 10 minute	- 2 hour 10 minute	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	- Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Nowcasting	Solid	- - -	- - -	1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h -	50 km 1 km -	3 hour 10 minute -	2 hour 10 minute -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere. Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Nowcasting	Solid	- - -	- - -	0.1 mm/h - 1 mm/h	1 km - 100 km	10 minute - 6 hour	10 minute - 6 hour	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-03	Over populated area and along transport routes requirements are more strict than elsewhere.
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Synoptic Meteorology	Solid	- - -	- - -	- 1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h	- 100 km 20 km	- 6 hour 3 hour	- 6 hour 15 minute	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Synoptic Meteorology	Solid	- - -	- - -	1 mm/h 0.1 mm/h -	100 km 20 km -	6 hour 3 hour -	6 hour 15 minute -	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Precipitation intensity at surface	Precipitation	Synoptic Meteorology	Solid	- - -	- - -	0.1 mm/h - 5 mm	20 km - 250 km	3 hour - 12 hour	15 minute - 60 day	ET ODRRGOS (OSCAR)	2003-10-20
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	GEWEX	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	- 5 mm 0.5 mm	- 250 km 50 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 60 day 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	GEWEX	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	5 mm 0.5 mm -	250 km 50 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	60 day 30 day -	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	GEWEX	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	0.5 mm - 5 mm	50 km - 100 km	1 hour - 12 hour	30 day - 30 day	WCRP (OSCAR)	1998-10-29
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	Global NWP	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	- 5 mm 0.5 mm	- 100 km 10 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 30 day 24 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	Global NWP	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	5 mm 0.5 mm -	100 km 10 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	30 day 24 hour -	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	Global NWP	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	0.5 mm - 5 mm	10 km - 10 km	1 hour - 6 hour	24 hour - 24 hour	John Eyre (OSCAR)	2009-02-10
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	High Res NWP	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	- 5 mm 0.5 mm	- 10 km 0.5 km	- 6 hour 30 minute	- 24 hour 6 hour	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-08-04
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	High Res NWP	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	5 mm 0.5 mm -	10 km 0.5 km -	6 hour 30 minute -	24 hour 6 hour -	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-08-04
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	High Res NWP	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	0.5 mm - 2 mm	0.5 km - 500 km	30 minute - 24 hour	6 hour - 12 day	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2011-08-04
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	Climate-AOPC	Over 24 hours	- - -	- - -	- 2 mm 1 mm	- 500 km 100 km	- 24 hour 12 hour	- 12 day 24 hour	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	Climate-AOPC	Over 24 hours	- - 30%	- - 100%	2 mm 1 mm 7%	500 km 100 km 1 km	24 hour 12 hour 1 day	12 day 24 hour -	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	e.g MODIS
Accumulated precipitation	Precipitation	Climate-AOPC	Over 24 hours	- 30% 0%	- 100% 100%	1 mm 7% 1%	100 km 1 km 8 km	12 hour 1 day 1 hour	24 hour - -	AOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	e.g MODIS Hydromet
Snow/ice albedo	Snow	IGOS	Broadband	30% 0% 0%	100% 100% 100%	7% 1% 0.50%	1 km 8 km 5 km	1 day 1 hour 30 minute	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	e.g MODIS Hydromet Hydromet
Snow/ice albedo	Snow	IGOS	Broadband	0% 0% 190 K	100% 100% 290 K	1% 0.50% 2-3 K	8 km 5 km 1 km	1 hour 30 minute 100 min	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Snow/ice albedo	Snow	IGOS	Broadband	0% 190 K 200 K	100% 290 K 275 K	0.50% 2-3 K 1 K	5 km 1 km 1 km	30 minute 100 min 1 hour	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Snow/Ice surface temperature	Surface Temp / Albedo	IGOS		190 K 200 K 200 K	290 K 275 K 275 K	2-3 K 1 K 0.1 K	1 km 1 km 0.1 km	100 min 1 hour 30 min	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Snow/Ice surface temperature	Surface Temp / Albedo	IGOS		200 K 200 K -	275 K 275 K -	1 K 0.1 K -	1 km 0.1 km -	1 hour 30 min -	- - -	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet Hydromet
Snow/Ice surface temperature	Surface Temp / Albedo	IGOS		200 K - -	275 K - -	0.1 K - 20%	0.1 km - 10 km	30 min - 12 hour	- - 12 hour	IGOS 2007	2007-11-01	Hydromet
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	- 20% 5%	- 10 km 0.5 km	- 12 hour 1 hour	- 12 hour 1 hour	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2012-05-02
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	20% 5% -	10 km 0.5 km -	12 hour 1 hour -	12 hour 1 hour -	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2012-05-02
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	High Res NWP		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	0.5 km - 10 km	1 hour - 30 day	1 hour - 90 day	T Montmerle (OSCAR)	2012-05-02
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	- 10% 5%	- 10 km 1 km	- 30 day 24 hour	- 90 day 30 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	10% 5% -	10 km 1 km -	30 day 24 hour -	90 day 30 day -	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	-
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Climate-TOPC		- - -	- - -	5% - 20%	1 km - 10 km	24 hour - 10 day	30 day - 3 day	TOPC (OSCAR)	2007-07-19	- Necessary to compute radiance balance at the surface for snow pack evolution forecast
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	- 20% 5%	- 10 km 1 km	- 10 day 24 hour	- 3 day 12 hour	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	- Necessary to compute radiance balance at the surface for snow pack evolution forecast Necessary to compute radiance balance at the surface for snow pack evolution forecast
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	20% 5% -	10 km 1 km -	10 day 24 hour -	3 day 12 hour -	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	Necessary to compute radiance balance at the surface for snow pack evolution forecast Necessary to compute radiance balance at the surface for snow pack evolution forecast -
Earth surface albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Nowcasting		- - -	- - -	5% - 10%	1 km - 1 km	24 hour - 24 hour	12 hour - 7 day	P. Ambrosetti (OSCAR)	2013-04-15	Necessary to compute radiance balance at the surface for snow pack evolution forecast - Marine climatology
Snow/ice albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Ocean Applications		- - -	- - -	- 10% 1%	- 1 km 0.5 km	- 24 hour 24 hour	- 7 day 3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	- Marine climatology Marine climatology
Snow/ice albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Ocean Applications		-	-	10%	1 km	24 hour	7 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology
Snow/ice albedo	Surface Temp / Albedo	Ocean Applications		-	-	1%	0.5 km	24 hour	3 day	Ali Mafimbo (JCOMM) (OSCAR)	2011-03-07	Marine climatology

Global Cryosphere Watch

Observational Requirements

Ice sheet margin
Grounding line
Surface accumulation
Basal melt magnitude
Basal melt distribution
Surface elevation
Surface elevation change
Snow/Firn density
Snow grain size and shape
Ice sheet surface temperature
Internal temperature
Gravity field
Surface velocity field
Vertical velocity variation
Ice sheet thickness
Internal layer depth
Iceberg calving rate
Changes in ice sheet morphology
Ice sheet topography
Surface melt extent
Surface melt duration
Ice sheet mass change
Geothermal heat flux

Permafrost
Permafrost thermal state
Permafrost thickness
Permafrost distribution
Downslope creeping velocity
Annual surface elevation change
Ground ice volume
Active layer depth
Soil temperature
Surface temperature
Soil moisture
Duration of thaw
Seasonal frost heave / thaw subsidence
Onset of seasonal freezing
Duration of freeze
Distribution of seasonal freezing
Coastal retreat
Isostatic vertical motion
Wind speed and direction
Storm surge
Sediment transport
Ice scouring depth
Subsea permafrost distribution
Subsea permafrost thickness